Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di Indonesia: Penguatan Kerangka Normatif dan Penegakan Hukum
Keywords:
Kejahatan Korporasi; Pencucian Uang; Pertanggungjawaban Pidana; Perampasan Aset; Tata Kelola Perusahaan.
Abstract
Corporate crime, particularly in the form of money laundering, increasingly challenges the integrity of the legal system and the economy by exploiting legal structures, the complexity of financial transactions, and weaknesses in corporate governance. This article provides a normative legal analysis of the construction of corporate criminal liability in money laundering, the main problems in law enforcement, and the direction of strengthening criminal law policy. The method used combines a legislative and conceptual approach by interpreting norms, constructing the doctrine of corporate criminal liability, and reviewing research findings related to the practices of evidence and asset recovery. The results of the study show that the positive legal framework actually provides a basis for prosecuting corporations and their controllers, including through fines, asset forfeiture, business activity restrictions, and other additional sanctions. However, law enforcement practices still face various obstacles, including difficulties in compiling comprehensive indictments, limited capacity for asset tracing and confiscation, weak coordination between institutions, suboptimal disclosure of beneficial owners, and an underdeveloped culture of internal compliance. This article recommends refining the corporate criminal liability model, reorienting the design of sanctions to focus on deterrence and recovery of losses, strengthening the asset confiscation regime, optimizing ownership transparency, and increasing the capacity and synergy between law enforcement agencies and business actors so that the regime for combating corporate money laundering is more effective and sustainable. The theoretical and practical contributions of this paper lie in mapping implementation gaps and offering policy reforms that are more responsive to the nature of modern corporate crime.
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Almira, Zhafirah Nisa, Keiza Aurora Karenina, Thereza Hilya Hutasoit, Hawila Winona Lakusa, and Dela Ulianda Simanjuntak. “Implementasi Perpres No. 13 Tahun 2018 Sebagai Strategi Pencegahan Dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Di Korporasi.” Jurnal Hukum Statuta 1, no. 3 (2022): 182–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35586/jhs.v1i3.8736.
Amalia, Renata. “Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Menurut Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam 2, no. 2 (2016): 385–407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15642/aj.2016.2.2.385-407.
Antony, Antony, and Eko Nurisman. “Melawan Tindak Pencucian Uang Korporasi Melalui Pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang Perampasan Aset.” Dinamika Hukum 24, no. 2 (2023): 216–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35315/dh.v24i2.9472.
Aryani, Fajar Dian. “Kriminalisasi Dan Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Korporasi.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I 10, no. 3 (2023): 833–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v10i3.32575.
Berutu, Chris Agave Valentin, Ningrum Natasya Sirait, Mahmud Siregar, and Marlina Marlina. “Perampasan Aset Pengendali Korporasi Sebagai Pengganti Pidana Denda Dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang.” Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 2022, 357–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v1i6.87.
Cumbrandika, Chitto, Naufal Ghozi Satria, and Nurmalia Ihsana. “Pencucian Uang Dalam Era Globalisasi Tantangan Dan Penanganannya Di Indonesia.” Humaniorum 2, no. 1 (2024): 41–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37010/hmr.v2i1.39.
Dian Eka Kusuma Wardani, Salim, & Sutriyono. (2024). Sistem Penegakan Hukum Pidana terhadap Pekerja Seks Komersial di Kota Palopo. Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum Dan Ilmu Sosial, 2(3), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.70292/pchukumsosial.v2i3.71
Fadilah, Fatma Putri, Ummu Hani Sentosa, and Harlin Sabrinda Rasya. “Perampasan Keuntungan Perusahaan Sebagai Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Atas Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Jurnal Hukum Statuta 4, no. 2 (2025): 117–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35586/jhs.v4i2.10828.
Filatova, Hanna Petrivna, Milos Tumpach, Yaroslav Viacheslavovych Reshetniak, Serhii Viacheslavovych Lieonov, and Nataliia Volodymyrivna Vynnychenko. “Public Policy and Financial Regulation in Preventing and Combating Financial Fraud: A Bibliometric Analysis,” 2023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21511/pmf.12(1).2023.05.
Ginting, Barra Bimantara, Tofik Yanuar Chandra, and Hedwig Adianto Mau. “Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I 9, no. 4 (2022): 1223–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i5.27305.
Halbouni, Sawsan Saadi, Nada Obeid, and Abeer Garbou. “Corporate Governance and Information Technology in Fraud Prevention and Detection: Evidence from the UAE.” Managerial Auditing Journal 31, no. 6/7 (2016): 589–628.
Haniah, Haniah. “Implikasi Yuridis Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 Dalam Putusan Hakim.” Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 9, no. 2 (2018): 160–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v9i2.2731.
Juhandi, Nendi, Saefudin Zuhri, Mochammad Fahlevi, and Rinto Noviantoro. “Information Technology and Corporate Governance in Fraud Prevention.” In E3S Web of Conferences, 202:16003. EDP Sciences, 2020. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020216003.
Juniar, Afif. “Mencari Bentuk Pemidanaan Terhadap Pemegang Saham Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup.” PALAR (Pakuan Law Review) 7, no. 2 (2021): 109–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33751/palar.v7i2.3660.
Koto, Ismail. “Kewenangan Jaksa Dalam Melakukan Penggabungan Perkara Korupsi Dan Money Laundering (Studi Kejaksaan Tinggi Sumatera Utara).” IURIS STUDIA: Jurnal Kajian Hukum 2, no. 2 (2021): 156–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55357/is.v2i2.103.
Mahardhika, Vita. “Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Klasifikasi Dan Bentuk Sanksi Pidana Bagi Korporasi.” HUKMY: Jurnal Hukum 3, no. 1 (2023): 247–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35316/hukmy.2023.v3i1.247-262.
Melantik Rompegading, Gazali Gazali, & Muhammad Zabir. (2025). Strengthening Digital Trade Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Indonesia: A Responsive and Equitable Regulatory Framework. Proceeding International Collaborative Conference on Multidisciplinary Science, 2(2), 516–521. https://doi.org/10.70062/iccms.v2i2.19
Maulidah, Khilmatin, Muhammad Rizqi Hengki, and Ratna Kumala Sari. EFEKTIVITAS LANDASAN HUKUM EKONOMI DIGITAL INDONESIA: ANALISIS DISHARMONI REGULASI DALAM EKOSISTEM MARKETPLACE “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pemilik Manfaat (Beneficial Owner) Dalm Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang.” IBLAM LAW REVIEW 4, no. 2 (2024): 109–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v4i2.386.
Md Nasir, Noorul Azwin, and Hafiza Aishah Hashim. “Corporate Governance Performance and Financial Statement Fraud: Evidence from Malaysia.” Journal of Financial Crime 28, no. 3 (2021): 797–809. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2020-0182.
Pradityo, Randi, and Riri Tri Mayasari. “Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Yang Dilakukan Oleh Korporasi.” Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum 30, no. 1 (2021): 80–90. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33369/jsh.30.1.80-90.
Purnomo, Armando Tri Cahyo, Jesika Bonita Sibarani, Intan Gloria Mawar Silangit, and Heni Widiyani. “Kajian Kriminologi Kejahatan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau.” Jurnal Panorama Hukum 8, no. 2 (2023): 207–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21067/jph.v8i2.9366.
Purwadi, Hari. “Reformulasi Konstruksi Pidana Dalam Menjerat Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korporasi.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi 7, no. 1 (2019): 144–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20961/hpe.v7i1.29208.
Puspitasari, Ikka, and Erdiana Devintawati. “Urgensi Pengaturan Kejahatan Korporasi Dalam Pertanggungjawaban Tindak Pidana Korporasi Menurut RKUHP.” Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 20, no. 2 (2018): 237–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v20i2.10661.
Rehman, Ali, and Fathyah Hashim. “Can Forensic Accounting Impact Sustainable Corporate Governance?” Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 21, no. 1 (2021): 212–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/cg-06-2020-0269.
Riyadi, Bambang Slamet. “Criminal Behavior Politician During Reform in Indonesia.” International Journal of Religion 5, no. 7 (2024): 582–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61707/pgsf5g80.
Safitri, Fatimah Dwi. “Pembubaran Korporasi Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Dan Tindak Pidana Di Bidang Lingkungan Hidup.” Jurist-Diction 3, no. 1 (2020): 93–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20473/jd.v3i1.17625.
Saraswati, Ety, and Iin Agustina. “Does Bank Governance Reduce Financial Statement Fraud? The Moderating Role of Operational Risk.” Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan 26, no. 1 (2022): 91–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v26i1.6611.
Siregar, Sylvia Veronica, and Bayu Tenoyo. “Fraud Awareness Survey of Private Sector in Indonesia.” Journal of Financial Crime 22, no. 3 (2015): 329–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/jfc-03-2014-0016.
Usman, and Agus Surono. “Dinamika Dan Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Perampasan Aset Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang.” Pamulang Law Review 7, no. 2 (2024): 152–166. https://doi.org/10.32493/palrev.v7i2.44756.
Winarsa, Putra Adi Fajar, Mien Rukmini, and Agus Takariawan. “Implementasi Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Oleh Korporasi (Studi Tentang Pencemaran Dan Perusakan Yang Terjadi Di Sungai Citarum).” Jurnal Poros Hukum Padjadjaran 4, no. 1 (2022): 162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23920/jphp.v4i1.1066.
Peraturan Perundang-undangan
Republik Indonesia. (1999). Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 140).
Republik Indonesia. (2001). Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2001 Nomor 134).
Republik Indonesia. (2007). Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2007 Nomor 106).
Republik Indonesia. (2009). Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 140).
Republik Indonesia. (2010). Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2010 Nomor 122).
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (2016). Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana oleh Korporasi.
Republik Indonesia. (2018). Peraturan Presiden Nomor 13 Tahun 2018 tentang Penerapan Prinsip Mengenali Pemilik Manfaat dari Korporasi.
Published
2024-03-24
How to Cite
Apriany Marwan, W. (2024). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di Indonesia: Penguatan Kerangka Normatif dan Penegakan Hukum. Sawerigading Law Journal, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.62084/slj.v3i1.435
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Articles
