Sawerigading Law Journal

Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Oleh Pemerintah Dalam Perspektif Keperdataan Dan Administrasi Negara

2026-02-28T04:49:18+08:00

Government actions can have implications for two legal conditions, namely civil and state administration aspects, which allow the government, under certain conditions, to commit unlawful acts as a legal subject (Onrechtmatige Daad) and unlawful acts as an organization (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad). Specifically, this study aims to examine and analyze unlawful acts by the government in the context of civil and state administration. It should provide a comprehensive description of government actions as unlawful acts when the government acts as a legal subject and plays a role as a state institutional organization, thereby distinguishing the actions taken by the government relevant to their legal consequences.

This research is descriptive and analytical in nature, intended to provide a substantial overview of the focus of the research by utilizing legal norms, basic theories, and the principles of Good Governance as a basis for crystallizing a valid argument so as to answer the research questions.

This study shows that unlawful acts by the government must be understood integrally through two main perspectives: civil law and administrative law. From a civil law perspective, the assessment of unlawful acts is based on the fulfillment of the elements of action, fault, loss, and causality. Meanwhile, from the perspective of administrative law, the assessment is carried out through the parameters of authority, procedure, substance, and the general principles of good governance.

This study concludes that unlawful acts by the government are a complex legal phenomenon involving elements of civil and administrative law. The government, as a subject of public law, is obliged to act within the corridor of applicable legal norms, and if it violates the elements of unlawful acts, it can be held civilly liable for compensating the losses suffered by citizens. An inclusive juridical approach to these unlawful acts, which considers not only formal legal aspects but also normative and social aspects, is essential to ensure substantive justice and accountability in government administration

Bretton Woods di Era Globalisasi: Kritik dan Reformasi

2026-02-28T04:49:16+08:00

The two Bretton Woods institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, have been pillars of global financial governance since 1944. However, entering the 21st century, the relevance of these two institutions faces significant challenges due to globalization. This study aims to analyze the various challenges and criticisms facing the IMF and the World Bank, as well as to disseminate the effectiveness of their reform efforts. Using normative legal research methods through a contextual approach, this paper examines relevant literature and regulations related to the operations of international financial institutions. The results indicate six major problems within these institutions: the unfairness of the quota system, the dominance of developed countries (especially the United States), the lack of representation of developing countries, the controversy surrounding neoliberal loan conditionality, the threat from new regional financial institutions (such as the NDB and AIIB), and the issue of loan resource stability. Although the IMF and World Bank have undertaken reform efforts, such as adjusting loan conditions and increasing general quotas, these changes are deemed to have failed to address the root causes. The dominance of the United States remains a major challenge to the institutions' evolution. This study concludes that fundamental reforms are needed, including a review of the quota system and increased space for developing countries, to ensure the Bretton Woods Institutions remain relevant in maintaining global economic stability in the future.

Pengawasan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Terhadap Pelaksanaan Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Daerah di Kabupaten Mamuju

2026-02-28T04:49:14+08:00

As part of the regional government, the Regency/Municipal Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD) has functions, duties, and authorities. Article 149 paragraph (1) of Law Number 23 of 2014 states that the Regency/Municipal DPRD has the function of forming regency/municipal regional regulations, the budgeting function, and the supervisory function. As representatives of the people, the DPRD has three functions, namely legislation, budgeting, and supervision. Misuse of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) frequently occurs in local governments. The APBD managed by regional governments is vulnerable to misuse, including for the personal interests of regional heads. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze how the DPRD supervises the implementation of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget in Mamuju Regency. The research method used by the author is normative juridical research, which focuses on law as norms, rules, legal principles, legal doctrines, legal theories, and other legal literature to address the legal issues under study. The results of the research indicate that the supervision carried out by the DPRD over the implementation of the APBD in Mamuju Regency faces several obstacles. These obstacles are caused by various factors, including the quality of DPRD members (human resources), such as the level of formal education, knowledge, experience, leadership, expertise, and capabilities of the members. Educational background is an essential factor in determining the quality or competence of a DPRD member. In addition, there is a lack of communication between DPRD members and the community, as well as relatively low public political awareness

Kekaburan Yuridis Money Politics di Indonesia: Politik Berbiaya Tinggi, Ambiguitas Pertanggungjawaban, dan Agenda Reformasi

2026-02-28T04:49:11+08:00

Praktik money politics di Indonesia berkelindan dengan politik berbiaya tinggi dan pola patronase-klientelisme, sehingga merusak integritas elektoral dan menurunkan kualitas demokrasi. Pada saat yang sama, uang juga merupakan komponen fungsional demokrasi untuk menopang partisipasi dan kompetisi, sehingga problem kuncinya terletak pada desain dan penegakan regulasi pembiayaan politik (political finance). Artikel ini bertujuan memetakan bentuk kekaburan yuridis dalam rezim larangan money politics, mengurai dampaknya terhadap efektivitas penegakan hukum, serta merumuskan agenda reformasi yang dapat diaudit. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif (doctrinal) dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, didukung telaah literatur serta analisis atas problem pembuktian dan batasan prosedural penanganan tindak pidana pemilu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan empat klaster kekaburan: (i) ketidakjelasan subjek hukum (calon, tim kampanye, perantara, dan/atau partai); (ii) cakupan objek dan stadium pemilihan yang tidak sepenuhnya mengunci variasi modus; (iii) keterbatasan temporal dan standar pembuktian yang tidak proporsional dengan kompleksitas praktik transaksional; serta (iv) ambiguitas kualifikasi delik antara tindak pidana pemilu dan tindak pidana korupsi. Kekaburan ini memproduksi ketidakpastian hukum, memicu disparitas penanganan, dan meningkatkan peluang impunitas. Artikel merekomendasikan penajaman norma (definisi, unsur, dan perluasan subjek), perbaikan arsitektur monitoring/pelaporan pembiayaan kampanye, penguatan pembuktian berbasis bukti elektronik dan jejak keuangan, perpanjangan waktu penanganan, serta opsi pembiayaan publik yang terukur.

Harmonisasi Lex Specialis UU ITE dan KUHP dalam Penegakan Cybercrime serta Validitas Transaksi Elektronik di Indonesia

2026-02-28T04:49:09+08:00

Transformasi digital telah memperluas aktivitas ekonomi dan komunikasi lintas batas, sekaligus meningkatkan kompleksitas kejahatan siber serta sengketa transaksi elektronik di Indonesia. Dalam konteks ini, pengaturan hukum menghadapi persoalan utama berupa potensi tumpang tindih antara ketentuan umum dalam KUHP dan ketentuan khusus dalam Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE), di samping kebutuhan kepastian hukum atas keabsahan perbuatan hukum berbasis sistem elektronik. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi normatif penanggulangan cybercrime, menilai validitas yuridis transaksi elektronik, dan merumuskan arah harmonisasi regulasi yang lebih adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, berbasis bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif-preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) rezim penegakan cybercrime di Indonesia menempatkan UU ITE sebagai lex specialis yang melengkapi KUHP; (2) transaksi elektronik memiliki kekuatan mengikat setara dengan perjanjian konvensional sepanjang memenuhi syarat formil-materiil, termasuk dukungan sistem keamanan dan tanda tangan elektronik tersertifikasi; dan (3) efektivitas penegakan hukum masih terhambat oleh sifat kejahatan siber yang borderless, volatilitas alat bukti digital, serta ketimpangan kapasitas forensik aparat. Penelitian ini menegaskan urgensi harmonisasi norma KUHP–UU ITE secara lebih sistematis, disertai penguatan kelembagaan forensik digital, agar kepastian hukum, perlindungan masyarakat, dan tata kelola ekonomi digital dapat terjamin secara berkelanjutan.